Dr. Robert Phaal is a Director of Research (STIM) in the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge, based in the Centre for Technology Management, Institute for Manufacturing. He conducts research in strategic technology and innovation management, with interests in industrial emergence and the development of practical management tools and visual methods for supporting technology intensive innovation. A particular interest over the past 20 years has been the roadmapping approach, exploring the generalisation and efficient application of this and related techniques in many sectors and contexts. Rob has a mechanical engineering background, with a PhD in computational mechanics, and industrial experience in technical consulting, contract research and software development.